一、RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES(Ⅶ)—INCREMENTAL RATE TYPE（论文文献综述）
Fatma Abdullatif Abdallah[1]（2021）在《Gender,Diplomacy and Foreign Policy:A Case of Women Diplomats in Kenya’s Foreign Service,1964-2020》文中认为The existing literature on the nexus between gender,diplomacy,foreign policy and Foreign Service appointments suffers from inadequacy by focusing on advanced western economies,putting Africa in the periphery.The scholarship has provided a macro-level generalized analysis of women in diplomacy,politics and Foreign Service,and failed to comprehensively analyze the appointments of women to senior diplomatic ranks and their influence on foreign policy.This study is a political and historical examination of the role of Kenyan women diplomats in Kenya’s foreign policy（diplomacy）.It is a response to the gap in scholarly discourse for further analytic work on the impact of women in senior foreign policy establishments in Africa’s foreign services.Through the use of qualitative method using primary and secondary sources of data,the study explored from a gendered dimension,whether the progressive appointment of women to senior foreign and diplomatic service positions for the period between 1964 to 2020,has significantly influenced or shaped Kenya’s diplomacy and foreign policy.It sought to determine if a correlation exists between the progressive appointments and significant contribution by shedding light on the question:How has the progressive appointment of women to senior foreign and diplomatic service positions from 1964 to 2020 significantly influenced Kenya’s diplomacy and foreign policy?The findings revealed that the progressive appointments of women to senior foreign and diplomatic service positions from 1964 to 2020 and particularly from 2002-2020 under Presidents Kibaki and Uhuru administrations have to some extent,significantly influenced Kenya’s foreign policy,but varied in context.Female diplomatic appointments compared with male diplomats have added diversity and soft touch to Kenyar’s foreign policy through amplified focus on broader areas in environment,humanitarian,youth and women’s concerns among others.The findings have critical implications for debates over the effects of greater participation of women in diplomacy.Additionally,the findings are inclined to stimulate policy re-orientation towards gender mainstreaming in Kenya’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and inform legislation to enhance women empowerment in foreign policy decision making as an effective instrument in elevating Kenya’s global presence.
金秋容[2]（2021）在《反思生态纯粹：论当代北美人类世小说》文中进行了进一步梳理本论文旨在探讨当代北美人类世小说对长期主宰西方主流环境话语的意识形态——“生态纯粹”的反思。通过研究出版于二十世纪九十年代至二十一世纪初的若干环境文学文本（主要包括玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《疯癫亚当三部曲》、T·C·博伊尔的《地球之友》和《当杀戮已完成》、芭芭拉·金索芙的《逃逸行为》、露丝·尾关的《不存在的女孩》、金·斯坦利·罗宾逊的《纽约2140》和山下凯伦的《穿越雨林之弧》）对源自美国的环境主义传统的局限性的讽刺、剖析和超越,本文指出,在人类世日渐成为人类及非人物种共有的生存语境的当下,环境主义应当对“生态纯粹”进行批判性修正,才能更好地应对全球生态困境,协助星球命运共同体的健康存续。作为人同“后自然”的对话,人类世小说点明了更新环境话语的必要性,抓住了阻碍环境运动进步的关键问题,启发了环境伦理和哲学的新方向。人类世的到来提出了一个重要议题:如果说作为整体的人类社会业已成为改变地球面貌的地质性力量,那么应当如何认识这个在很大程度上由人类活动塑造的后自然世界,在此基础上,我们又能为它创造什么样的明天?对环境主义者来说,思考此议题首先意味着用新的视角理解半个世纪以来愈发严重和复杂化的环境危机,重访环境主义的思想传统,找出导致现今环境事业僵化停滞的问题点。根据本文的分析,在原始纯净、自成一体、作为人类社会和文化对立面存在的“自然”范畴,和当今以气候变化为表征,错综复杂、环环相扣、由多重营力共同制造的后自然之间,存在着决定性的断裂。虽然守护自然纯净性的诉求在很大程度上促成了上世纪六十年代生态革命的初步成功,此后却逐渐发展成主导当下环境政治的本质主义“生态纯粹”观,它固守自然理想的合法性,强调斗争和对立,且试图以简单化的线性思维解决环境问题,因而不能正视人类世的环境现状,亦无法想象人类与之共同演进的未来。作为一种艺术表现形式,文学通过创造性再现来阐释和评价物质世界的运作,以批判性的眼光审视人类的处境、探索人性的含义。它同其他社会和文化文本一起,组成了人类用以把握现实的意识形态和话语,从而积极地参与到社会历史的建构中。纵观美国环境史,可以发现文学想象正是现代环境话语的基石。人类世概念的兴起对环境写作提出了新要求,当代人类世小说恰好对此作出了敏锐而生动的回应。它们描绘的世界是一个尚未成型、复杂多变的社会-自然连续统一体,既揭示了“回归自然”情结的虚妄,又探索了人类同后自然合作共生的可能性。人类世小说当然受到环境主义思想传统的塑造,但更重要的是,它们提示了后者的固有观念、策略和逻辑中的问题,作为文学语言加入到为构筑更好的社会-自然关系而展开的广泛协商中,拥抱了此过程中涌现的机遇和挑战,启发人们更深刻地认识世界、把握自身。本文对文学文本和非文学文本进行跨学科并置,试图从它们的相互启发之中,发现小说是如何参与解构并更新旧环境话语,使之适应后自然语境的。围绕核心论题,本文相应地提出了三个子问题。首先,人类世小说如何再现主流环境话语中那些不受大众欢迎,且不再适用于人类世语境的典型特征和观念?《逃逸行为》、《当杀戮已完成》和《地球之友》以讽刺、同情参半的笔触描绘了当代西方的“好环境主义者”形象,批判了环境运动的三大标志性思路。第一,环境主义惯用说教口吻,容易过度依赖专家知识对大众的启蒙作用。这些小说指出,科学权威与环保行动间并不是直线关系,看似客观的科学知识本身亦受到特定文化观念的塑造。第二,环境运动历来表现出强烈的道德热忱,严格的行为规范脱离生活实际。小说通过塑造视拯救地球为己任,虚伪滑稽却又不无苦衷的环保英雄形象,暗示个人化、宗教式、精英主义的自然幻想不仅忽视了人与自然互动中不可避免的复杂性,而且掩盖了环境正义问题。第三,灰暗悲观的情感基调长期主宰着环境想象,如今这反而无益于人们正视环境危机的紧迫性。这些作品在受传统生态悲剧叙事模板塑造的同时,又能在一定程度上避免它的局限。在形式和内容上,作家能在高度的环境关切和环境灾难引发的负面情感之间寻找平衡点,有效地反思了生态反乌托邦主义。第二个问题则是,人类世小说如何揭示了这些环境主义标志性特征共有的深层逻辑?《当杀戮已完成》、《地球之友》、《疯癫亚当三部曲》和《纽约2140》通过切入环境话语对“自然”的简单化辩护隐含的双重对立逻辑,揭示了现代环境运动的核心悖论:它将自然概念纳入权利运动和解放话语的框架,构成对现代文明的政治和文化反抗,却原原本本地继承了现代思维的排外、斗争和等级式逻辑。具体而言,环境运动将自然建构为象征着纯洁、公正和真理的文化武器,通过扞卫作为受害者的自然、谴责作为破坏者的人类来批判工业资本主义,而这些小说却通过再现环境主义“复原叙事”对伊甸园式的自然的追寻,以及经典的荒野幻想对所谓原始状态的迷恋,暗示环境主义虽然以现代性的敌人自居,却只是颠倒了现代机制的“净化”逻辑,而不能推翻它。尤其值得注意的是,这些作品呈现了围绕自然保护诉求而展开的意识形态战争,“自然”的自然化使小说中的环境主义者落入了历来社会运动的权力斗争逻辑,“自然”概念成了争夺政治权威和特殊利益的跳板。如此一来,环境运动对“非自然”事物的排斥和否定既容易表现出反人类倾向,又会导致其内部的分裂。这样的生态纯粹观无益于人们把握后自然的真实状况,只能让环境主义越来越狭隘,需要辩证地看待环境运动,才有望实现有效的改革。最后,通过想象紧密交织的社会-自然关系,人类世小说能够怎样启发环境话语走出误区,向前迈进?本研究提出,重建环境话语的前提是更全面地理解人在人类世里扮演的角色。《穿越雨林之弧》、《逃逸行为》、《不存在的女孩》和《纽约2140》辩证地阐释了这一角色,勾勒出一种视野开阔、独特新颖、包容性强的对话式后自然环境伦理的雏形。这些作品一方面强调了重新认识诸如文化和自然、人和非人、主体和客体等认识论范畴的必要性,通过想象后自然在终极意义上不以人的意志为转移的别样性,破除了“人类世为人类例外主义代言”这一迷思;另一方面思考了人如何深化自我认识的问题,着眼于人认识现实的两套系统——理性系统和感受系统,肯定人类营力的创造性,虚构出开放、复杂、充满不确定性和希望的多物种共生的未来。它们把后自然理解为世间万物通力协作的试验场,建构出一种非人类中心主义的人文主义形式:它既能够聆听人类以外的声音,又充分认可人性的复杂,同时清醒地看待其中的张力和矛盾,从而超越了生态纯粹论,指向了简单二元论的消弭。在这些小说家的笔下,世界毫不纯粹,含混而矛盾,多样又美丽,灵动且鲜活。人类世环境文学是对后自然语境最深邃的回应之一,它们蕴含着丰富的哲思,为当代环境运动开拓了新的空间,对地球共同体在人类世的存续有着重要启迪。
田绪军[3]（2020）在《基于语料库的中国外交形象演变研究（1949-2018）》文中指出国家形象是人们对一个国家的总体认知、看法和印象,有自塑形象与他塑形象、正面形象和负面形象之分。正面的国家形象可以给一个国家带来利益,负面的国家形象则可能损害国家利益。因此,各国都在努力树立正面形象,以维护自身利益和权益,并尽可能获得更多利益。随着中国经济的快速增长和综合国力的不断增强,中国越来越重视在国际社会树立积极正面形象,并努力提升其国家形象。学者们也从形象学、国际政治学、传播学、语言学和翻译学等领域对各种媒体话语、政治话语、文学作品、电影和多媒体话语中的中国国家形象进行了研究。国家形象可以在不同层面通过不同渠道进行塑造。外交是一个国家与其他国家、国际组织以及世界各国之间最直接的沟通和交流,是一个国家在国际舞台上最直接的表现方式,是塑造自身形象的最重要渠道和平台。然而,对通过外交建构的中国国家形象,特别是官方外交话语建构的中国自塑形象的研究还不多见。鉴于此,本研究将探索中国外交话语中建构的中国外交形象。本研究首先提出了一个新国家形象分析框架。该框架结合了费尔克劳夫的话语分析三维框架、国家形象建构理论和语料库话语分析理论;其次,本研究以中国外交话语历时语料库为基础,运用上述国家形象分析框架,对中国外交话语通过关键词、高频词、情态动词及其显着搭配和随机抽取的we小句的应用所构建的中国外交形象进行了分析;最后,本研究还探索了三个不同时期中国外交形象演变的社会、经济和历史因素。研究发现,中国外交的主要对象包括美国、前苏联、日本、英国以及一些亚洲、非洲国家等;中国外交的目标是在反对战争的同时维护世界和平,通过合作促进发展,同世界各国人民建立良好关系;中国外交的范围不断扩大,从第一阶段与社会主义国家和周边国家的外交交往,到第二阶段与更多国家的沟通交流,再到新时期全球外交中各领域的全方位外交交流与合作;中国外交的最主要内容第一阶段立国安邦,第二阶段是经济发展,第三阶段是国家的全面发展与全球治理与发展。作为国际国内民众对中国外交的整体看法与印象,中国外交形象随着国际国内政治、经济和社会环境的变化而不断变化。本研究发现第一阶段中国外交话语将中国塑造成为一个战争受害者、世界和平的坚定扞卫者、社会主义国家新成员、贫穷且弱小但对建设国家充满热情、积极寻求与他国建交、致力恢复联合国席位、努力争取妥善解决与邻国的边界问题的国家形象。但是,为了维护国家利益,中国对一些外交客体的态度是不断变化的。中华人民共和国成立初期,为了维护自身主权和利益,中国加入了苏联为首的社会主义阵营,反美国和日本为首的帝国主义阵营;七十年代初,中国改变了外交战略和政策,与美国、英国和日本建立了外交关系。第二阶段中国把经济发展和人民生活水平作为外交重点,中国外交话语将中国塑造成了一个国家完整和主权的坚决扞卫者、多领域国际合作的推动者、各种国际事务的积极参与者、中国共产党领导的社会主义国家形象。在此期间,中国外交的重心从战争与政治斗争转向了通过合作促进国民经济发展,从反对帝国主义转向了香港、澳门回归,从社会主义帝国主义两大阵营的分裂转向了世界各国的合作,从致力重返联合国转向了希望作为联合国会员国承担起更多责任,共同维护世界和平与稳定。与前两个时期截然不同,第三个阶段中国外交话语塑造了一个全球合作与发展的倡议者和发起者、世界和平与稳定的坚决扞卫者、各领域创新的积极推动者、国家治理经验与智慧的分享者形象。此外,中国着眼于全球合作与发展,愿与世界各国分享中国的发展模式与高新技术,为促进国际和区域合作与发展、提高人民生活水平做出贡献。同时,中国在国际事务始终秉持正直、公正的态度,积极寻求解决各种全球和地区问题的办法。研究发现,中国外交形象演变的主要因素包括中国根据不断变化的国际国内形势和不同时期的国家利益,在不同时期采取的外交理论和外交策略、中国外交话语的性质和内容以及中国外交话语的翻译策略。本研究结合语言学、形象学、语料库话语分析、外交学和国际政治等方面理论分析了不同时期中国外交话语构建的中国外交形象。本文提出的国家形象分析/建构框架对国家形象的设计与建构具有一定的参考价值。此外,本研究将基于语料库的话语分析与形象研究相结合,对愈来愈多的国家形象研究,尤其是中国国家形象研究,具有一定的理论意义。本研究运用跨度为70年的中国外交话语语料库对中国外交形象及其演变进行探索,对运用语料库方法的国家形象研究有一定的参考价值。
乌倩[4]（2020）在《释意理论下汉英交替传译中修辞格的翻译策略研究 ——以2017年-2019年“两会”记者招待会发言为例》文中研究表明随着中国国际地位的日益提高,每年三月份“两会”后的记者招待会也越来越引起国内外的广泛关注,招待会现场口译对于促进中国与世界的交流发挥着举足轻重的作用。为使语言简洁明了,生动形象,铿锵有力,中方领导人在发言中经常使用各种汉语修辞格来丰富语言,这为口译工作带来了巨大挑战。一方面,口译员要在短时间内正确理解修辞语言背后的真正内涵,并通过有效翻译策略和方法将严肃的政治内容准确地传达给观众,另一方面又要在不会造成误解的情况下最大限度保留原文风格,向国外表明中国态度,难度和重要性不言而喻。因此,本文以2017-2019年两会记者招待会口译文本为研究对象,以释意理论为指导,结合汉语修辞格的特点和难点,挑选具有代表性的实例,将招待会中常见修辞格分为句法修辞格和词义修辞格两类,其中句法修辞格包括排比、对偶和修辞疑问句;词义修辞格包括明喻、暗喻、引用和委婉语,并分别对各修辞格的口译策略进行总结,证明了释意理论用于指导记者招待会发言中汉语修辞格口译的可行性和重要性,希望为口译学习者提供一些帮助。
柴柏松[5]（2020）在《目的论视角下的外交模糊语汉英口译策略研究 ——以2018-2019总理答记者问为例》文中研究表明模糊语是语言的固有属性,在人与人之间的语言交流中起着至关重要的作用,而这一语言现象在外交语言中更为常见。由于模糊语自身的语言特点,在对其进行口译时就会出现相应的困难。尤其是在外交口译中,模糊语作为常见的一种外交策略,出现更为频繁。因此研究外交口译模糊语的翻译策略有助于促进外交口译的发展。论文主要研究三个问题。第一,研究模糊语产生的原因,其原因包括客观世界的模糊性、语言自身的模糊性,人类认识的差异性以及人类交际的必然需求;第二,研究外交模糊语的分类以及其语用功能。通过文献分析,笔者将外交模糊语分为词汇模糊与修辞模糊,将外交模糊语的语用功能总结为三点,分别为笼统概括,保全面子以及回避问题。第三,重点分析了在目的论指导下,外交模糊语的翻译策略,笔者以2018和2019年李克强总理答记者问材料为例,采用定性研究方法,在德国译论家汉斯·弗米尔发展起来的目的论的指导下,结合外交口译特点以及模糊语产生的原因与特征,归纳总结出以精确译模糊和以模糊译模糊的翻译策略,并提出了意译,增补,直译以及省略等翻译方法。
MEHRAN IDRIS KHAN[6]（2020）在《中巴环境法比较研究 ——执法与未来路径》文中研究表明该研究概述了国内环境法和国际环境法的含义,特别着重于比较中国和巴基斯坦的发展状况,环境条件,立法,政策含义或执行机制。该研究讨论了有关国际或区域法律文书以及区域或全球环境问题。该研究方法采用定性方法来比较两国的环境法律及其关键要素,以促进其实施并实现今世后代可持续性地利用环境。该研究指出该地区国际、跨界和区域环境法的制定和实施在国家或地区之间差异很大。这些差异是由于每个区域集团内不同的经济环境,政治历史,文化态度和殖民影响所致。其反映了法律和政策方法的碎片化,致使该区域的环境法律和政策制度仍然不完整,并且鉴于环境无边界以及共同的责任,需要明确共同的生态目标。相比之下,美国-加拿大-墨西哥、挪威和比利时等世界其他地区在环境事务上彼此之间具有法律合作,例如通过将环境问题纳入其贸易协定以保持区域环境清洁和可持续。中国巴基斯坦经济走廊（CPEC）之下的大型基础设施和工业发展很可能会对巴基斯坦的环境产生全面影响,并且也可能以与该地区先前烟雾问题相同的方式影响中国。两国有必要突然开展法律合作,共同应对这些环境挑战。在这种情况下,作为邻国,中国和巴基斯坦有诸如CPEC的大型联合开发项目,因此有必要将保护环境作为共同的责任,以实现共同的生态目标。该研究旨在找出两国环境法律和政策的相对优势。通过了解环境政策的形成或含义,分析以前实践中的经验教训,并分析或讨论包括环境问题、导致环境管理问题的因素以及理解实施更好解决方案的障碍。研究结果有助于了解两国环境立法的政治或法律结构,并有助于解决与环境法实施和执行有关的问题,例如实施不力。该研究以有关环境的司法、社会、立法、行政和教育措施作为结论,随后提出了在两国有效实施环境法律和政策的适当建议。该研究还得出结论,尽管政府部门被赋予了更多的裁量权对违反环境规则者采取法律行动,但两国执法机构之间的效率差距是不可忽略的。建议加强环境税网,并在税网中考虑二氧化碳排放量因素。该研究还建议建立环境非政府组织,建立专门的环境部门、法院和法庭,在两国大学中开展交流计划,转让技术,例如生产可再生和清洁能源的技术,并从以下领域汲取经验:成功的法律影响和法律移植,环境律师的双边交流,改善环境知识以提高对污染的认知,加强公众参与以及环境公益诉讼,制定统一的商业法规并将环境方面作为基本理解贸易协定并将其转换为“优惠”贸易协定,为CPEC等联合大型项目开发具有气候适应力的基础设施,提高国内、区域和国际环境法、协定和条约之间的一致性,为监测、规划或管理以及影响评估活动而制定环境或气候变化政策以应对共同面临的环境（国内和跨界）挑战。
周嘉[7]（2020）在《I think的语法化研究》文中研究指明语言的发展与时代、社会变迁密不可分。这个发展过程是持续的,甚至可能是日益更新的。I think作为日常口语以及书面语使用频率非常高的语言结构,经历了主谓结构演变话语标记语的发展过程。迄今为止有关I think的研究主要集中在共时角度来分析其在不同语境下的语用功能,而对于I think如何在语义和句法上发生语法化变化缺乏详细和系统的研究。本文旨在从定性和定量的角度,结合话语标记语与语法化的相关理论对I think的发展过程展开分析与研究。本文借助美国当代英语语料库（COCA）和美国历史英语语料库（COHA）两个语料库,通过抽取共时数据和历时数据,证明I think位于句中的不同位置所凸显的语法化过程,旨在解决以下三个研究问题:第一,I think的语法化是如何发生的?第二,I think在语法化过程中表现出哪些特点?第三,语法化理论视角下I think具备话语标记语的哪些功能?通过研究,本文发现I think的语法化有迹可循:语义上,由表示心理动作意义到认识情态再到话语标记语;句法结构上,由起主导作用的主句到连接成分再至话语标记语。在该过程中涉及到了多种机制,例如重新分析和类推等,也体现了语法化单向性、分层、歧变、去范畴化以及滞留的特点。I think经过语法化后成为话语标记语的功能主要体现在人际和语篇两个方面。基于语料库的语法化进行研究,了解语法化过程及其过程中呈现的特点,不仅能丰富话语标记语的研究,也补充了语法化与话语标记语相结合的相关研究,同时能够更加深刻的理解,语言是一个复杂的综合体,它的演变涉及各个领域。
哈瓦（DIAKITE HAWA）[8]（2020）在《马里SEGOU地区PELENGANA居民家庭用水管理研究》文中研究说明在马里的许多乡村地区,人们最关心的一个问题是如何更容易地获得安全而又可持续利用的水资源。与世界上许多国家一样,马里同样面临着多种因素造成的水资源短缺问题。本篇论文主要研究了马里Segou地区Pelengana镇居民家庭用水管理问题,包括家庭用水量、水质、水的来源及其它方面。为了解决这些问题,许多国际性和区域性以及当地供水发展组织正在积极努力,以帮助当地居民获得安全而又持久的水资源。2002年,为了促进Segou区域各供水组织建立广泛的合作关系,马里发布了“西非水倡议书（WAWI）”。马里农村地区的特点是人口拥挤、居住条件差、水资源短缺、卫生设施不足,这种生存环境导致了水传播疾病的大量发生。因此,安全的饮用水资源以及良好的卫生条件尤为重要。然而,来自Pelengan镇各卫生中心的数据显示,水传播疾病是影响居住区域内各流民营地居民健康的主要疾病。为了解决这个问题,许多政府和非政府组织正通力合作,致力于提高用水管理质量。本论文的研究目的是通过调查分析参与者家庭日常生活用水量和节约用水实际情况,以及对水质进行的微生物分析结果,提出改善用水管理状况的解决方案。Pelengana镇的数据收集采用了实地调查、直接访谈、问卷调查、调查地观测和水样提取等方法。本研究共有来自Pelengana镇三个村庄的480名居民参与,其中,女性280名,男性200名。由于13份问卷不够完整而剔除在外,因此,最终统计结果来自于467份完整问卷,其中,女性272名,男性195名。首先,通过利用方差分析LSD检验方法及结构方程模型对数据进行分析,结果表明,女性的用水量（人均90.17L/d）是男性用水量（42.43 L/d）的两倍多,主要是蔬菜和花卉种植方面的农业用水（23.87±8.74 L/d）,厨房用水（14.10±4.82 L/d）,洗衣（12.50±4.57 L/d）,以及饮用和个人卫生用水（11.40±2.39 L/d）;至于家庭庭院清洁、淋浴和饲养牲畜等方面用水,总体上看,与男性相比,女性受访者会使用更多的水。其次,通过对常用水源—特别是Pelengana镇流民居住营地的井眼、手动泵、地表水、家用容器、水井和水泥水库等水源进行了水质微生物分析,结果显示,三种指示菌的数量（总大肠菌群（48.7%）,粪便大肠菌群（100%）和粪便肠球菌（37.01%））都超过了饮用水允许的限值,最高的指示菌总数达到了 1800TC/100ml水;分离得到的肠道细菌包括大肠杆菌（25.7%）、肠球菌（21.91%）、芽孢杆菌属（16.72%）、肠杆菌属（4.56%）和柠檬酸杆菌属（3.91%）。最后,在调查分析结果的基础之上,论文中提出了改善Pelengana镇用水管理状况的一些建议与对策。
KHAMISSAMIR HADADI[9]（2019）在《多中心空间结构中城市中心的特征 ——以坦桑尼亚桑尔市为例》文中进行了进一步梳理当城市环境开始增长时,副中心正在演变,通过分散化和次城市化进程来减少拥堵,提高城市生活效率。此外,由于城市地区的增长问题日益突出,因此出现了对辅助性分中心的需求,既要分配便利设施,也要使公民更容易获得资源,同时还要减轻城市核心的压力。这样的规划策略,一种分散的集中,被视为一种遏制桑给巴尔城市蔓延的手段。分中心的成功受城市设计干预的影响,这些干预与配置属性（空间分布）、土地利用参数和密度（空间内和空间内的分布）有关。城市子中心的土地利用、规划过程、建成环境设计、响应环境和城市设计维度标准将有助于本研究制定详细的子中心特征定义标准。20世纪80年代后,桑给巴尔市迅速扩张,出现了都市圈新的发展区。关于这些问题,桑给巴尔省采用了一个新的城市发展总体规划,即姆瓦纳克韦雷克韦走廊进行了分析。总体规划提出,该区域因其战略位置而成为桑给巴尔市的一个副中心,因为它连接了许多城市的任何区域,如港口、机场、新郊区定居点、旅游区和农业区,使其成为一个非常重要的节点,具有经济潜力,有助于城市中心。本研究的目的是确定姆瓦纳克韦雷克韦分中心的特征,该分中心将成为该地区自身发展的标准。从一个角度分析与都市圈相关的特征（宏观战略）,如人口密度、经济完整性、交通、环境、犯罪和犯罪、社会整合和行政管理。而在局部位置（微观策略）,包括感知、空间、形态、功能,环境、公共领域、吸引力、流动性、身份、适应性、活力和安全性以及质量环境。研究区域将采用确定子中心特征的策略进行批判性讨论和分析,并通过研究城市中心形成过程中的特征评价原则,对子中心特征的界定进行分析。为了增加对哪些城市设计干预措施可能有效的理解,本研究提出了这样一个概念:在定义城市中心的特征时,应对城市和地方层面的战略非常重要,因为它们在定义特征方面发挥着重要作用。在城市设计干预过程中,应将微观城市战略的结合与对其特征和城市形态的影响相结合。
张瑞杰[10]（2018）在《系统功能语言学视角下话语生态性分析模式构建》文中进行了进一步梳理话语生态性分析属于生态语言学的研究范围,在过去半个世纪已逐渐引起学界的关注。它探索语言和生态之间的相互关系和相互作用,揭示语言对各种生态关系的影响。目前话语生态性分析仍处于发展阶段,尚未有较为统一的生态哲学理念作为审视语言的指导标准,也没有明确或普遍认可的分析模式用于具体实践。有鉴于此,本研究基于系统功能语言学元功能理论,以中国传统生态哲学和西方场所观融合后的生态场所观为哲学指导思想,构建了一个用于识别和分析话语生态意义的话语分析框架,用于引导人们正确辨别话语生态价值,最终创造更多有利生态保护的话语。本研究所采用的生态哲学思想融合了东西方两种生态思想:一为中国传统哲学思想——儒家、道家和佛家教义中共有的生态理念,即仁、俭和亲近自然;二为西方人文地理概念——生态场所观,用于解读人与生存环境的系统关系。仁、俭和亲近自然为本研究生态哲学思想的核心准则,多维度的人与场所的互动为本研究生态哲学思想的具体考察对象。结合二者,本研究确定了如下生态哲学思想:人类应该对其生存场所（包括自然环境,社会环境,人外生命体）具有仁慈心;人类在从生存场所获取资源时应秉承俭朴的美德,降低对自然和社会场所的索取;人类应亲近生存场所,努力向自然的运行方式靠拢,不违背自然规律,恣意横行。若话语所传达的信息符合此生态哲学思想,则该话语具有保护型生态场所观,为生态保护型话语,其内容则值得学习和推广;若话语所传达的信息与此生态哲学思想相违背,则该话语具有生态破坏型场所观,为生态破坏型话语,其内容则应予以抵制;若话语传达的信息较为模糊,部分符合该思想,部分违背该思想,则该话语为生态模糊型话语,研究者应对符合的部分加以推广,对不符合的部分进行批评和改正。在确立生态哲学观的基础之上,本研究着重考察语言在创造意义和构建现实的过程中对生态产生的影响。在系统功能语言学理论中,语篇具有描述经验、建立和保持人际关系以及组织话语三种功能。这三个元功能分别表达概念意义、人际意义和语篇意义,并由及物性系统、语气、情态和评价系统、主位、信息和连贯系统体现。为建立一个适用于话语生态性分析的框架,本研究从多个角度对三大元功能的语言体现系统进行了重新解读,并从多方面扩展其维度,构建了一个复合的分析模式,并以汉语语料做例证进行了论述。首先,本研究对实现概念意义的及物性系统进行了生态解读,考察了及物性系统中七大过程类型的参与者角色、环境成分和过程成分在不同语义配置下的潜在生态价值。本研究对每一个配置结构中成分的生态价值与小句整体生态价值之间的关系进行了详细解读,对参与者角色和环境成分进行了生态性分类,并将过程意义分为情感、认知和意动三种与生态相关的类型。基于新构建的系统,研究者可以将小句的经验意义分为生态保护型、生态模糊型和生态破坏型三种类型。其次,本研究对实现人际意义的语气、情态和评价系统进行了重新考察。本研究认为在语气意义的选择过程中,讲话者在相关生态事件中的身份是一个重要影响因素,并讨论了不同身份类型的讲话者使用何种语气类型能够最大化地实现生态价值。情态系统对于生态意义的表达离不开其依托的经验意义,即未经情态修饰的命题的生态价值。若该命题本身对生态有益,对命题的高值情态修饰比低值情态修饰实现更积极的生态价值。评价系统的主要构成为态度系统,包括情感、判断和鉴赏三个子系统。本研究认为对于情感系统而言,情感缘起在一定程度上决定了情感的生态价值;对于判断系统而言,依托的判断标准影响判断资源的生态价值;对于鉴赏系统而言,鉴赏对象自身的内在价值决定了鉴赏资源所带来的生态影响。最后,本研究考察了实现语篇意义的主位系统和信息结构在表达生态意义上的作用。语篇主位和人际主位的选择对生态意义实现的影响更大,主要体现在与上文的对接和对命题的评价之上。其功能主要分为加强性和替代性两种类型,加强性主位能够强化目标小句之前的生态信息,替代性主位则通常改变目标小句之前的生态信息。因此不同主位的生态价值很大程度上依赖前置小句的生态价值。信息系统生态价值的判断主要依托其对新信息内容的选定和标记,生态保护型信息作为标记型的新信息能够更大限度地实现生态保护价值。衔接手段的生态价值被归纳为两种主要类型,一为指示关系所贡献的生态价值,主要由语义上的指称关系和词汇语法层面的替代和省略以及词汇衔接体现;二为连接手段所贡献的生态价值,主要由阐述、延展和增强三种连接词建立的逻辑语义关系体现。基于对三大元功能语言实现系统的生态性拓展,本研究建构了一个完整的、以生态为导向的话语分析框架。该框架始于对话语语言内容的分析,终于对话语生态价值的评价。在该框架下,语言研究者能够有效、直观地呈现出话语所表达的生态意义,对话语进行生态定性,推广保护型话语,抵制破坏型话语,完善模糊型话语,最终实现语言学研究者的社会和生态责任。总的来说,本研究的贡献主要体现在两个方面:首先,对于生态语言学学科而言,本研究贡献有二:一是立足于中国语境之下,结合东西方生态思想确定了话语生态性研究的价值取向和判断标准。与其他话语分析模式相比,该模式具有明确的、有利于生态保护的价值观,因此能够充分指导对语言特征的生态性分析,并对语言的生态价值进行正确地判断;二是基于系统功能语言学元功能理论,从多个角度对其语言实现系统进行了扩展和延伸,增加了与生态相关的多个分析维度,构建了一个量身定做的、适用于话语生态性分析的话语分析框架,为生态语言学研究贡献了一个较为合理且可行的分析模式。其次,对于系统功能语言学本身而言,本研究拓展了其适用领域,并使其功能性得到进一步增强。作为系统功能语言学进入一个新发展阶段的一部分,本研究预示了系统功能语言学在引领生态语言学学科发展上的无限潜力。
二、RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES(Ⅶ)—INCREMENTAL RATE TYPE（论文开题报告）
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三、RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES(Ⅶ)—INCREMENTAL RATE TYPE（论文提纲范文）
（1）Gender,Diplomacy and Foreign Policy:A Case of Women Diplomats in Kenya’s Foreign Service,1964-2020（论文提纲范文）
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |
| ABSTRACT |
| ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS |
| APPENDICES |
| 1. Chapter One Introduction |
| 1.1. Background of the Study |
| 1.2. Knowledge gap |
| 1.3. Statement of the Research Problem |
| 1.4. Objectives of the Study and Research Questions |
| 1.5. Significance of the Study |
| 1.6. Scope and Focus of Study |
| 1.7. Definition of Key Terms |
| 1.8. Historical Background |
| 1.8.1. Chronological Overview of Diplomacy and Foreign Policy |
| 1.8.1.1. Modern diplomacy |
| 1.8.2. History of African Diplomacy and Foreign Policy |
| 1.8.3. Women in diplomacy and global Foreign Services |
| 1.8.3.1. Women in American Foreign Service |
| 1.8.3.2. Women in Canadian Foreign Service |
| 1.8.3.3. Women in British Foreign Service |
| 1.9. Methodology |
| 1.10. Structure of the Study |
| 2. Chapter Two Literature Review and Theoretical Framework |
| 2.1. Introduction |
| 2.2. Review of Previous Research |
| 2.3. Theoretical Framework |
| 2.3.1. Feminist Theories |
| 2.3.2. Feminist Institutionalism (Neo-Institutional) |
| 2.3.3. Feminist Standpoint Theory |
| 2.3.4. Critical Mass Theory |
| 2.3.5. Gender in diplomacy and women in the Foreign Service under feminist and critical mass perspectives |
| 2.3.6. Shortcomings of Feminist and Critical Mass Theories |
| 2.3.7. Theoretical Analysis of Women in Kenya's Foreign Service |
| 2.3.8. Summary |
| 2.4. Conclusion |
| 3. Chapter Three Evolution of Kenya's Foreign Policy (1964-2020) |
| 3.1. Introduction |
| 3.2. Overview of Kenya's foreign policy |
| 3.2.1. Historicization of Kenya's foreign policy |
| 3.3. Constitutional Mandate: The Presidency and Kenya's Foreign Policy |
| 3.4. Kenya's foreign policy framework |
| 3.5. The Four Administrations and Kenya's Foreign Policy |
| 3.5.1. Kenya's Foreign Policy under Jomo Kenyatta's era(1964-1978) |
| 3.5.1.1. Territorial Claims |
| 3.5.1.2. Inheritance of colonial economic and political structure |
| 3.5.1.3. Domestic Rift between Kenyatta and Oginga |
| 3.5.1.4. The Cold War |
| 3.5.2. Foreign Policy under Daniel Arap Moi Era(1978 -2002) |
| 3.5.3. Foreign Policy Under Mwai Kibaki Era (2002-2013) |
| 3.5.4. Foreign Policy under Uhuru Kenyatta era (2013-present) |
| 3.6. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Historical Background |
| 3.6.1. Mandate of MFA and the Foreign Service |
| 3.6.2. Structure of the MFA and Foreign Service |
| 3.7. Conclusion |
| 4. Chapter Four The Road to Women's Foreign Service Recognition |
| 4.1 Introduction |
| 4.2. International Frameworks for Women's Participation in International Affairs |
| 4.2.1. The UN and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 |
| 4.3. Regional and Continental Frameworks for Women's Participation in International Affairs |
| 4.3.1. The African Union and related Frameworks |
| 4.3.2. Constitutive Act of the African Union |
| 4.3.3. The Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol) |
| 4.3.4. Solemn Declaration on Gender Equality in Africa (SDGEA) |
| 4.3.5. The AU Strategy for Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment 2018-2028 |
| 4.4. Contextualizing the position of women in policy making and political involvement |
| 4.5. Gender and Women in Kenya's Foreign Service (1964-2020) |
| 4.6. Conclusion |
| 5. Chapter Five Reforms and Gender Mainstreaming Measures in Kenya's Foreign Service |
| 5.1. Introduction |
| 5.2. Public Service [Sectoral] Reforms: Review and Rationale |
| 5.2.1. Kenya Vision 2030 |
| The 2010 Constitution of Kenya |
| 5.3. The MFA and Foreign Service Reforms |
| 5.3.1. Gender Mainstreaming Policy 2012 |
| 5.3.2. Foreign Service Bill, 2015 |
| 5.4. Women Ambassadors and FS Reforms |
| 5.5. Conclusion |
| 6. Chapter Six Contribution of Women to Kenya's Foreign Policy |
| 6.1. Introduction |
| 6.2. Foreign Service Function |
| 6.2.1. Grading structure |
| 6.2.2. Duties and Responsibilities |
| 6.3. Contribution of prominent Kenyan women diplomats |
| 6.3.1. Amb.[Dr] Sally Jepngetich Kosgei, EGH |
| 6.3.2. Amb.[Dr.] Amina C. Mohamed, EGH, CAV |
| 6.3.3. Amb.[Dr.] Monica K. Juma, CBS |
| 6.3.4. Amb.[Dr.] Mary Mbaki Khimulu, MBS |
| 6.3.5. Amb.Catherine Muigai Mwangi |
| 6.4. Assessing the impact of female ambassadorial appointments: Interviewee Perspectives |
| 6.5. Nature of Policies |
| 6.6. Evaluation: Progressive Appointment and Impact on Kenya's Foreign Policy |
| 6.6.1. Ambassadorial Appointment Process |
| 6.6.2. Cross-Gender Comparison |
| 6.7. Discussion |
| 6.8. Conclusion |
| 7. Chapter Seven Challenges to women's representation in Kenya's Foreign Service |
| 7.1. Introduction |
| 7.2. Challenges to Senior Women Diplomats |
| 7.2.1. Work-family life integration |
| 7.2.2. Gender Stereotyping, Social Life Demands and Networking |
| 7.2.3. Inadequate Allocation of Funds to Foreign Missions |
| 7.2.4. Conflicting Relations: Political vs Career Ambassadors |
| 7.2.5. Stagnation vs Bias in Policy Decision Making |
| 7.2.6. Dilemma: Strategic vs Non-Strategic Stations |
| 7.2.7. Capacity Building and job assignment |
| 7.3. Mitigation Strategies |
| 7.4. Conclusion |
| 8. Chapter Eight Conclusion, Policy Implications, Recommendations for Future Research |
| 8.1. Introduction |
| 8.1.1. Research Questions and Findings |
| 8.2. Policy Implications and Recommendations |
| 8.2.1. Policy Planners and Implementers |
| 8.3. Directions for Future Research |
| 8.4. Limitations of findings |
| APPENDICES |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表 |
（2）反思生态纯粹：论当代北美人类世小说（论文提纲范文）
| Acknowledgements |
| ABSTRACT |
| 内容摘要 |
| Introduction |
| 1.Clearing the Ground |
| 2.Ecocriticism at the Intersection of Eco-purity and Anthropocene Fiction |
| 3.Literature Review |
| 4.Dissertation Outline |
| Chapter One The Trouble with the Unpopular Environmentalist:The Symptoms of Eco-purity |
| 1.1 Problematizing Knowledge-based Environmentalism |
| 1.1.1 Environmental/Scientific Expert Knowledge in Contemporary Times |
| 1.1.2“You Think Any of This Is Based on Info?”:Disrupting the Information Deficit Model |
| 1.1.3“We’re Scientists.We Do the Studies.”:Deconstructing Expert Knowledge |
| 1.2 Complicating Environmentalist Moral Purity |
| 1.2.1 The Pitfalls of Environmental Moralism |
| 1.2.2“This Is Who He Is”:Tracing Protestantism in the Self-righteous Environmentalist |
| 1.2.3“Everything’s a Compromise”:Critiquing Environmental Asceticism |
| 1.3 Unsettling the Eco-tragedy Template |
| 1.3.1 What Is Wrong with the“Deadly Seriousness”of American Environmental Imagination? |
| 1.3.2“Nature Doesn’t Matter Anymore”:Revising the Ecodystopian Trope |
| Chapter Two Contesting the Good Environmentalist:The Anatomy of Eco-purity |
| 2.1 The Pure Nature Syndrome |
| 2.1.1 The Pollution of Nature |
| 2.1.2“Nature’s Got to Take Its Course”:The Fallacy of the Pure Nature Ideal |
| 2.2 The Purity Politics of the Natural |
| 2.2.1 The Victimization of Nature and the Exclusion of the Unnatural |
| 2.2.2“I’m a Human Being”:The Fallacy of Ecopurist Dualisms |
| Chapter Three Becoming New Environmentalists:The Possibilities of Deanthropy |
| 3.1 Decentering the Anthropos from the Anthropocene |
| 3.1.1 Updating Non-anthropocentric Ethics |
| 3.1.2“Whose Memory Are You Asking?”:Imagining Nonhuman Agency |
| 3.2 Renewing Humanity in the Human Age |
| 3.2.1 The Anthropocene and the Question of a Global We in Deep Time |
| 3.2.2“Comedy of the Commons”:Toward Multispecies Futures |
| Conclusion |
| Bibliography |
| 作者简历及在学期间所取得的科研成果 |
（3）基于语料库的中国外交形象演变研究（1949-2018）（论文提纲范文）
| Acknowledgements |
| Abstract |
| 摘要 |
| List of Abbreviations |
| CHAPTER Ⅰ Introduction |
| 1.1 Background |
| 1.2 Research Questions |
| 1.3 Methodology |
| 1.4 Research Procedures |
| 1.5 Organization of the Thesis |
| CHAPTER Ⅱ Literature Review |
| 2.1 Studies on National Image |
| 2.2 Studies on China's Diplomacy and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 2.3 Studies on Diplomatic Discourse |
| 2.4 Summary |
| CHAPTER Ⅲ Literature Review |
| 3.1 Three Dimensional Model for Discourse Analysis |
| 3.2 Framework of National Image Analysis/Construction |
| 3.3 Application of the Proposed Framework |
| CHAPTER Ⅳ KEYWORDS AND CHINA'S DIPLOMATIC IMAGE |
| 4.1 Key Keywords of Chinese Diplomatic Discourse |
| 4.2 Keywords of 1~(st) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 4.3 Keywords of 2~(nd) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 4.4 Keywords of 3~(rd) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 4.5 Discussion:Keywords and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 4.6 Summary |
| CHAPTER Ⅴ HIGH FREQUENCY WORDS AND CHINA'S DIPLOMATIC IMAGE |
| 5.1 High Freq. Words of 1~(st) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 5.2 High Freq. Words of 2~(nd) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 5.3 High Freq. Words of 3~(rd) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 5.4 Discussion:High Freq.Words and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 5.5 Summary |
| CHAPTER Ⅵ Modal Verbs and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 6.1 Application of Modal Verbs in Chinese Diplomatic Discourse |
| 6.2 Modal Verbs of 1~(st)Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 6.3 Modal Verbs of 2~(nd) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 6.4 Modal Verbs of 3~(rd) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 6.5 Modal Verbs and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 6.6 Summary |
| CHAPTER Ⅶ WE-CLAUSES AND CHINA'S DIPLOMATIC IMAGE |
| 7.1 Use of We in the Chinese Diplomatic Discourse |
| 7.2 Process Types of We-clauses in the Chinese Diplomatic Discourse |
| 7.3 We-clauses of 1~(st)Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 7.4 We-clauses of 2~(nd) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 7.5 We-clauses of 3~(rd) Period and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 7.6 Discussion:We-clauses and China's Diplomatic Image |
| 7.7 Summary |
| CHAPTER Ⅷ Factors Contributing to Evolution of China's Diplomatic Image |
| 8.1 China's Diplomatic Policies |
| 8.2 Nature of Chinese Diplomatic Discourse |
| 8.3 Translation of Chinese Diplomatic Discourse |
| CHAPTER Ⅸ Conclusion |
| 9.1 Major Findings |
| 9.2 Contributions,Implications and Limitations |
| 9.3 Suggestions for Future Studies |
| Bibliography |
| 攻读博士期间取得的主要研究成果 |
（4）释意理论下汉英交替传译中修辞格的翻译策略研究 ——以2017年-2019年“两会”记者招待会发言为例（论文提纲范文）
| 中文摘要 |
| abstract |
| List of Abbreviations |
| ChapterⅠ Introduction |
| 1.1 Research Background of the Thesis |
| 1.2 Objectives and Significance of the Thesis |
| 1.3 Overview of the Thesis |
| ChapterⅡ Literature Review |
| 2.1 Definition of Figure of Speech |
| 2.2 Previous Studies on Figures of Speech |
| 2.3 Previous Studies on Interpretive Theory |
| 2.4 Previous Studies on NPC and CPPCC Press Conferences |
| 2.5 Previous Studies on Interpreting Figures of Speech |
| ChapterⅢ Theoretical Framework:Interpretive Theory |
| 3.1 The Origin and Development of Interpretive Theory |
| 3.2 The Definition of Interpretive Theory |
| 3.3 Basic Concepts of Interpretive Theory |
| 3.3.1 Deverbalization |
| 3.3.2 Sense |
| 3.3.3 Cognitive Inputs |
| 3.3.4 Equivalence and Correspondence |
| 3.4 The Process of Interpreting |
| 3.4.1 Triangular Model of Interpretation |
| 3.4.2 Three Stages of Interpreting |
| 3.5 Principles for Interpreting Figures of Speech from the Perspectiveof the Interpretive Theory |
| 3.5.1 Accurate Understanding of Sense |
| 3.5.2 Striking a Balance between Explicit Sense and ImplicitSense in Re-expression |
| Chapter IV The Interpreting Strategies of Figures of Speech from thePerspective of the Interpretive Theory |
| 4.1 Introduction to Materials of the Case Study |
| 4.2 The Interpreting Strategies of Syntactical Figures of Speech |
| 4.2.1 The Interpreting Strategies of Pai Bi |
| 4.2.2 The Interpreting Strategies of Dui Ou |
| 4.2.3 The Interpreting Strategies of Rhetorical Question |
| 4.3 The Interpreting Strategies of Semantic Figures of Speech |
| 4.3.1 The Interpreting Strategy of Simile |
| 4.3.2 The Interpreting Strategies of Metaphor |
| 4.3.3 The Interpreting Strategies of Allusion |
| 4.3.4 The Interpreting Strategy of Euphemism |
| Chapter V Conclusion |
| 5.1 Major Findings |
| 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Study |
| References |
| Appendix Ⅰ |
| Appendix Ⅱ |
| Appendix Ⅲ |
| Acknowledgements |
（5）目的论视角下的外交模糊语汉英口译策略研究 ——以2018-2019总理答记者问为例（论文提纲范文）
| 中文摘要 |
| ABSTRACT |
| ChapterⅠ Introduction |
| 1.1 Research Background |
| 1.2 Purpose and Significance of the Research |
| 1.3 Research Objective |
| 1.4 Research Methods |
| 1.5 Thesis Structure |
| ChapterⅡ Literature Review |
| 2.1 Overview of Vague Language Studies |
| 2.1.1 Definition of Vague Language |
| 2.1.2 Formation of Vague Words |
| 2.1.3 Research on Vague Language |
| 2.2 An Overview of Diplomatic Vague Language |
| 2.3 A Brief Introduction to Skopos Theory |
| 2.3.1 The Development of Skopos Theory |
| 2.3.2 The Application of the Skopos Theory |
| ChapterⅢ Theoretical Framework |
| 3.1 Basic Principles of Skopos Theory |
| 3.1.1 The Skopos Rule |
| 3.1.2 The Coherence Rule |
| 3.1.3 The Fidelity Rule |
| 3.2 Relationship Between the Three Rules of Skopos Theory |
| 3.3 Skopos Theory’s Guidance for Diplomatic Interpretation |
| ChapterⅣ Features of Diplomatic Interpretation and Vague Language inDiplomacy |
| 4.1 Features of Diplomatic Interpretation |
| 4.2 Classification of Vague Language in Diplomatic Interpretation |
| 4.2.1 Lexical Vagueness |
| 4.2.2 Rhetorical Vagueness |
| 4.3 Pragmatic Functions of Diplomatic Vague languages |
| 4.3.1 Summarizing in a General Way |
| 4.3.2 Avoiding Embarrassing Each Other |
| 4.3.3 Avoiding Sensitive Questions |
| ChapterⅤ Translation Strategies of Diplomatic Vague Languages underthe Guidance of Skopos Theory |
| 5.1 Premier Li Keqiang’s Diplomatic Language Style |
| 5.1.1 Vague Expressions |
| 5.1.2 Firmness |
| 5.2 Diplomatic Vague Language Interpretation Strategies Guided bythe Skopos Theory |
| 5.2.1 From Vagueness to Precision |
| 5.2.2 From Vagueness to Vagueness |
| 5.3 Summary |
| ChapterⅥ Conclusion |
| 6.1 Research Findings |
| 6.2 Suggestions for Further Research |
| References |
| Appendix |
| 2018 总理答中外记者问 |
| 2019 总理答中外记者问 |
| Acknowledgements |
（6）中巴环境法比较研究 ——执法与未来路径（论文提纲范文）
| CHINESE ABSTRACT |
| ABSTRACT |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1. Background of the Study |
| 1.2. Why Compare Environmental Laws of Pakistan and China? |
| 1.3. Hypothesis |
| 1.4. Research Problem |
| 1.5. Research Question (s) |
| 1.6. Aims and Objectives of the Study |
| 1.7. Research Methodology |
| 1.8. The Significance and Scope of the Study |
| 1.9. Outline of the Thesis |
| CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK |
| 2.1. The Environment Law and International Law |
| 2.2. Environmental Policies and Criteria for its Evaluation |
| 2.3. The Development of International and Regional Environmental Laws |
| 2.4. Enforcement Mechanisms of Environmental Laws |
| 2.4.1. Enforcement Mechanism and its Different Kinds |
| 2.4.2. The United Nations and Enforcement Mechanisms |
| 2.4.3. Environmental Law and Enforcement Mechanisms |
| 2.4.4. Environmental Mechanisms and Policies in Pakistan |
| 2.4.5. China's Environmental Policies and Mechanisms |
| 2.5. Legal Challenges in Enforcing Environmental Laws Across the Boarders |
| 2.5.1. Transboundary Environmental Harm and Cluster-litigation |
| 2.5.2. Access to Domestic and Human Rights Courts |
| 2.5.3. Forums of Inter-state Claims |
| 2.5.4. Non-Judicial Fora |
| 2.5.5. Limited Scope of the Applicable Law |
| 2.6. A Need for Regional Legal Cooperation in Environmental Issus |
| 2.6.1. A Reference from other Regional Cooperation in Environmental Matters |
| 2.6.2. International Trade, International Law, and Environmental Concerns |
| 2.6.3. Legal Grounds of Bilateral Cooperation Concerning TransboundaryEnvironmental Issues |
| 2.6.4. Establishing a Close Connection between Environmental Protection and Trade |
| 2.6.5. Building National, Regional and Global Environmental Networks |
| 2.7. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 3 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND CURRENT PRACTICES INPAKISTAN |
| 3.1. Introduction |
| 3.2. Key Environmental Challenges and their Impacts in Pakistan |
| 3.2.1. An Era of Environmental Unawareness |
| 3.2.2. Issues Concerning Water Resources and Pollution |
| 3.2.3. Energy Issues and Current Situation in Pakistan |
| 3.2.4. Pollution and Waste Management |
| 3.2.5. Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management |
| 3.2.6. Transboundary Environmental Issues |
| 3.2.7. Climate Change and Variability |
| 3.2.8. EIA and Challenges Faced by Legal Consultants in Pakistan |
| 3.2.9. Climate Change Effects on Key Sectors of Pakistan |
| 3.3. National Environmental Priorities for Action in Pakistan |
| 3.3.1. Past Environmental Records |
| 3.3.2. Environment-Related Information Needs |
| 3.3.3. Key Environment(al) (Performance) Indicators |
| 3.3.4. Capacity Building for the Environment |
| 3.3.5. Social Action Project on Environment; Environmental Awareness andEducation |
| 3.3.6. Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project in Pakistan |
| 3.4. Environmental Policy, Legislative, and Institutional Frameworks in Pakistan |
| 3.4.1. Environmental Management Policies in Pakistan |
| 3.4.2. Establishment of Environmental Tribunals, Green Benches, and SustainableDevelopment Fund in Pakistan |
| 3.4.3. EIA in Pakistan |
| 3.4.4. Carbon Emissions Scheme in Pakistan |
| 3.5. Recommendations to Implement Environmental Policies More Efficiently |
| 3.5.1. Enhance and Facilitate the Environmental Education |
| 3.5.2. Provision of Basic Sanitation and Access to Clean Water for All |
| 3.5.3. Consider Energy Efficiency as Pivot of NEP |
| 3.5.4. Monitoring Urban Air Pollution |
| 3.5.5. Public-private Partnerships for Cleaner Production |
| 3.5.6. Emission Control and Trading Scheme |
| 3.5.7. Transboundary Environment Management |
| 3.6. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND CURRENT PRACTICES INCHINA |
| 4.1. Introduction |
| 4.2. Effects and Limitations of Environmental Challenges in China |
| 4.2.1. History of Environmental Pollution in China |
| 4.2.2. China's Environmental Health Challenges |
| 4.2.3. Impacts of Air Pollution in China |
| 4.2.4. Limitation of the Study of China's Environmental Regulatory System |
| 4.3. How Does China Treat Emissions? |
| 4.3.1. Emissions Targets |
| 4.3.2. Emission Trading Scheme in China |
| 4.3.3. The Chinese Certified Emission Reduction |
| 4.3.4. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification |
| 4.3.5. Environmental Impact Assessments in China |
| 4.3.6. Environmental Insurance |
| 4.4. Establishment of Environmental Courts and Ministries |
| 4.4.1. Establishment of Ministry of Environmental Protection |
| 4.4.2. Creation of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment |
| 4.4.3. Creation of Specialised Environmental Courts |
| 4.5. Measures Taken to Enforce Environmental Laws and Counter EnvironmentalChallenges |
| 4.5.1. Environmental Laws and Standards |
| 4.5.2. China's New Environmental Protection Law |
| 4.5.3. Environmental Regulatory Framework |
| 4.5.4. Environmental NGOs in China |
| 4.5.5. Environmental Police Force |
| 4.5.6. The Environmental Protection Tax Law |
| 4.6. Criticism and Recommendations |
| 4.6.1. No Tax on CO2 Emissions Included in the newly amended EPL |
| 4.6.2. No Punishment for the Government Personnel on Their Failure |
| 4.6.3. Key Failings of the SO_2 Emissions Trading Market |
| 4.6.4. How Can the New EPL Be Implemented Even Better? |
| 4.7. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 5 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION,ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS AND CURRENT PRACTICES IN CHINA ANDPAKISTAN |
| 5.1. Introduction |
| 5.2. Environmental Legislation and Enforcement Mechanisms in China |
| 5.2.1. Environmental Management Rules in China |
| 5.2.2. Public Interest Litigation in China |
| 5.2.3. The Chinese Institutional Setup and Enforcement Mechanisms |
| 5.3. Environmental Legislation and Enforcement Mechanisms in Pakistan |
| 5.3.1. Existing Environmental Legislation |
| 5.3.2. Environmental related Institutions in Pakistan |
| 5.4. Transboundary Environmental Law in the Context of International Law |
| 5.4.1. Approaches to Customary International Law and Transboundary EnvironmentalHarms |
| 5.4.2. International Law and Pertinent Decisions of International Tribunals |
| 5.4.3. International Treaties and Protocols |
| 5.4.4. The Comparative Law Functions and its Relevance with InternationalEnvironmental Law |
| 5.4.5. From National to International--Topical Trends in Environmental Liabilityfrom Comparative and International Law Perspectives |
| 5.5. Comparative Discussion and Analysis |
| 5.5.1. Public Participation in Environmental Matters |
| 5.5.2. Environmental Impact Assessment System in China and Pakistan |
| 5.5.3. Carbon Emission Schemes in China |
| 5.5.4. Carbon Emissions Schemes in Pakistan |
| 5.5.5. Sustainable Development and the Role of ASEAN in the RegionalEnvironmental Law Perspective |
| 5.5.6. The Role of Judiciary in Environmental Matters in China and Pakistan |
| 5.5.7. Transboundary Environmental Issues and Pertinent (Regional) Legislation |
| 5.5.8. The Development of International and Regional Environmental Laws |
| 5.5.9. Increasing Consistency between Domestic Environmental Legislation andInternational Trade Law |
| 5.5.10. Legal Grounds of Bilateral Cooperation Concerning TransboundaryEnvironmental Issues |
| 5.5.11. Economic Concerns and Development of Environmental Laws |
| 5.5.12. Policy Transfer and Lesson Drawing--Legal Cooperation |
| 5.6. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS |
| 6.1. Concluding Remarks |
| 6.2. Recommendations |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| BOOKS |
| JOURNAL ARTICLES |
| OTHER RESOURCES |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |
| LIST OF ACADEMIC PAPERS PUBLISHED DURING THE COURSE OF A (PHD)DEGREE |
| 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表 |
（7）I think的语法化研究（论文提纲范文）
| 摘要 |
| Abstract |
| Chapter 1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Background of the thesis |
| 1.2 Purposes and significance of the thesis |
| 1.3 Overall structure of the thesis |
| Chapter 2 Literature Review |
| 2.1 Relevant studies of I think in China and abroad |
| 2.1.1 Studies abroad |
| 2.1.2 Studies in China |
| 2.2 Studies on grammaticalization |
| 2.2.1 Studies abroad |
| 2.2.2 Studies in China |
| 2.3 Summary |
| Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework |
| 3.1 Grammaticalization |
| 3.1.1 The definition of grammaticalization |
| 3.1.2 Grammaticalization and lexicalization |
| 3.2 Discourse markers |
| 3.2.1 The definition of discourse markers |
| 3.2.2 Relevant theories of discourse markers |
| Chapter 4 Research Methodology |
| 4.1 Research methods |
| 4.2 Research questions |
| 4.3 Data collection and presentation |
| Chapter 5 Discussion of Grammaticalization of I think |
| 5.1 Pathways of I think in grammaticalization |
| 5.1.1 Semantic pathway of I think |
| 5.1.2 Syntactic pathway of I think |
| 5.2 Mechanisms and motivations of I think in the process of grammaticalization |
| 5.2.1 Reanalysis and analogy |
| 5.2.2 Subjectivity and subjectivization |
| 5.2.3 High frequency of use |
| 5.3 Features of I think in the process of grammaticalization |
| 5.3.1 Unidirectionality |
| 5.3.2 Layering and divergence |
| 5.3.3 Decategorization |
| 5.3.4 Persistence |
| 5.4 Functions of I think after grammaticalization |
| 5.4.1 Interpersonal functions |
| 5.4.2 Textual functions |
| 5.5 Summary |
| Chapter 6 Conclusion |
| 6.1 Major findings of the study |
| 6.2 Innovations and limitations of the study |
| 6.3 Suggestions for further study |
| References |
| 读研期间的科研成果 |
| Acknowledgement |
（8）马里SEGOU地区PELENGANA居民家庭用水管理研究（论文提纲范文）
| 摘要 |
| ABSTRACT |
| 1 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1 Research Background, Purpose and Significance |
| 1.2 Country and Research Background |
| 1.2.1 Research Objective |
| 1.2.2 Significance of Research |
| 1.3 Status Related of Research at Home and Abroad |
| 1.3.1 Foreign Research Status |
| 1.3.2 Status of Domestic Research |
| 1.3.3 Review of Domestic and Foreign Research |
| 1.4 Research Content and Methods |
| 1.4.1 Research Content |
| 1.4.2 Research Methods |
| 1.5 Technical Route |
| 2 RELATED THEORY OF WATER AND WATER GOVERNANCE INSTITUTION |
| 2.1 Related Concepts of Water |
| 2.1.1 Theoretical Framework of Water Resources |
| 2.1.2 Household Water Supply in Mali |
| 2.1.3 Domestic Water Using |
| 2.1.4 Source of Household Water |
| 2.1.5 Household Water Treatment |
| 2.1.6 Different Methods of Household Water Treatment in Mali |
| 2.2 Governance of Water Institution in Mali |
| 2.2.1 Water Resources Policy in Mali |
| 2.2.2 Evolution of Water Law Sector |
| 2.2.3 Sustainability of Water Resources in Mali |
| 2.2.4 Theory of Water Resources Allocation |
| 2.2.5 Public Water Resources Governance |
| 2.2.6 WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT |
| 2.3 Review of Chapter |
| 3 CURRENT SITUATION OF HOUSEHOLD WATER IN PELENGANA |
| 3.1 Overview of Using Water in Mali |
| 3.2 Water Resources Problems in Mali |
| 3.2.1 High Household Water Consumption |
| 3.2.2 Microbiological Problems of Water Quality |
| 3.2.3 Physical Problems of Water |
| 3.2.4 Problems of Water Transportation |
| 3.2.5 Problems of water storage |
| 3.2.6 Problems of Water Pollution |
| 3.3 Review of Chapter |
| 4 CHAPTER FOUR ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PROBLEMS OF WATER |
| 4.1 High Consumption of Water Household |
| 4.1.1 Social-Economic Characteristics of the Surveyed People |
| 4.1.2 Household Water Consumption by Men and Women Surveyed People |
| 4.1.3 Analysis of water conservation practices for men and women |
| 4.2 Analysis of Water Quality |
| 4.2.1 Microbiological Analysis of Water Quality |
| 4.2.2 Sources and Storage of household water |
| 4.2.3 Prevalence of total coli form on water, fecal coli form and enterococci |
| 4.2.4 Bacteria isolated from sources in different season |
| 4.3 Review of Chapter |
| 5 CHAPTER FIVE SUGGESTIONS FOR RESOLVING HOUSEHOLD WATERPROBLEMS IN COMMUNE OF PELENGANA |
| 5.1 Reform the Policy of Water Governance |
| 5.2 Need to Improve the Transportation and Storage of Water |
| 5.3 Preventing Water Pollution |
| 5.4 Review of Chapter |
| Conclusion |
| References |
| Appendices |
| Academic papers published during the degree study |
| Acknowledgement |
（9）多中心空间结构中城市中心的特征 ——以坦桑尼亚桑尔市为例（论文提纲范文）
| 致谢 |
| 摘要 |
| ABSTRACT |
| PREFACE |
| 1 CHAPTER Ⅰ |
| 1.1 Introduction |
| 1.2 Statement of the Research Problem |
| 1.3 Motivation |
| 1.4 Objective |
| 1.5 Hypothesis |
| 1.5.1 Research Questions |
| 1.6 Scope |
| 1.7 Limitations of the Study |
| 1.8 Significance of the Research |
| 1.8 Research structure |
| 1.9 The Study Area/Context |
| 1.9.1 Evolution of the Zanzibar city |
| 1.9.1.1 Introduction |
| 1.9.1.2 Growth trend of the Zanzibar town and evolution of spatial planning |
| 1.9.1.3 The First Master Plan 1923 |
| 1.9.1.4 The Zanzibar Town Master Plan 1982 |
| 1.9.1.5 The National Land Use Plan of 1995 |
| 1.9.1.6 The Tourism Zoning Plan 1996 |
| 1.9.1.7 Proposition Paper on the Upgrading of Ng'ambo Areas in the Zanzibar Municipality-1998by ZSP |
| 1.9.1.8 Spatial Structure and Growth |
| 1.9.2 Spatial planning mechanism and legal framework |
| 2 CHAPTER Ⅱ |
| 2.1 Literature review |
| 2.2 The concept of polycentricism |
| 2.2.1 Policentric cities- Evolution of urban form |
| 2.2.2 Monocentric and polycentric characteristics |
| 2.2.3 Polycentricity on spatial scales |
| 2.2.4 Contribution of Allen Scott and Sir Peter Hall in polycentric cities |
| 2.2.5 The socio-geography of the city |
| 2.2.6 Focus of Polymetric structure |
| 2.2.7 Different schemes of a polycentric metropolitan |
| 2.2.8 Evidence-informed guidelines for planning policies |
| 2.2.9 Urban renewal in urban centers |
| 2.3 Centers |
| 2.3.1 City center |
| 2.3.2 Sub-center |
| 2.3.3 Neighborhood center |
| 2.3.4 Unifunctional center |
| 2.3.5 Multifunctional center |
| 2.4 Nodes and Places |
| 2.4.1 Place |
| 2.5 Mobility hubs |
| 2.5.1 Evident Design Guidelines for mobility hubs |
| 2.5.1.1. Buildings |
| 2.5.1.2 Orientation and Siting |
| 2.5.1.3 Massing and Scale |
| 2.6 URBAN CHARACTER |
| 2.6.1 Roots of Character |
| 2.6.2 Essences of Character |
| 2.6.3 Tangible configuration |
| 2.6.4 Expression of Character |
| 2.6.5 Designability |
| 2.6.6 Criteria about Buildings and Development Sites and Streetscape |
| 2.6.7 Character and Style |
| 2.7 Public Realm |
| 2.7.1 Plaza |
| 2.7.2 Walkways |
| 2.7.3 Plantings |
| 2.7.4 Furnishings |
| 2.7.5 Public Art |
| 2.8 Summary and Evaluation |
| 2.9 Streets, Streeet pattern and character |
| 2.9.1 Determine land use context |
| 2.9.2 Determine transportation context |
| 2.9.3 Identify special conditions |
| 2.9.4 Gateways and Transitions |
| 2.9.5 Designs by Street Type |
| 3 CHAPTER Ⅲ URBAN DESIGN THEORIES, CASE STUDIES AND CHARACTER APPRAISAL ELEMENTSAND STRATEGIES |
| 3.1 Urban design theories |
| 3.1.1 Ebenezer Howard-garden city 1900s |
| 3.1.2 Le Corbusier-the city of tomorrow 1920s |
| 3.1.3 Frank Lord Wright-Broadacre City 1930s |
| 3.1.4 Jane Jacobs Urban design theory |
| 3.1.5 New Urbanism Planning theory |
| 3.1.6 Transit Oriented Development |
| 3.1.7 Summary of critiques in urban design theories |
| 3.2 Case studies of urban sub centers |
| 3.2.1 Urban sub centers in Singapore |
| 3.2.2 Riyadh urban sub centers |
| 3.3 Conclusion on Case studies |
| 3.4 Strategic issues to consider in defining the character of urban centers and sub centers |
| 3.4.1 Macro Strategic issues |
| 3.4.3 Crime and delinquency |
| 3.4.4 Social dimension |
| 3.5 Micro strategic issues: |
| 3.5.1 Morphological Dimension |
| 3.5.2 Perceptual Dimension |
| 3.5.3 Functional Dimension |
| 4 CHAPTER Ⅳ |
| 4.1 Research Methodology and Methods |
| 4.2 Quantitative research method |
| 4.3 Qualitative Research Methods |
| 4.4 Methodology |
| 4.5 Data Collection |
| 4.5.1 Interviews |
| 4.5.2 Mapping |
| 4.5.3 Observation |
| 4.5.4 Photographic survey |
| 4.5.5 Documents Analysis |
| 4.5.6 Data Reduction |
| 4.5.7 Data Display |
| 4.6 Procedures |
| 4.7 Character Appraisal |
| 4.7.1 Legibility Analysis |
| 4.7.2 Space Syntax Analysis |
| 4.7.3 Urban Morpholog |
| 4.8 Expected outcome |
| 5 CHAPTER V |
| 5.1 Data analysis and interpretation |
| 5.1.1 Spatial Context |
| 5.1.2 Perceptual sense of place; image; legibility; scale etc |
| 5.1.3 Urban sub center Morphology |
| 5.1.4 Functional dimension |
| 5.1.5 Contextual |
| 5.1.6 Public Realm |
| 5.1.7 Appeal and Identity |
| 5.1.8 Urban Mobility |
| 5.1.9 Vitality and safety |
| 5.1.10 Informal economy |
| 5.1.11 Quality ambience |
| 5.1.12 Adaptability |
| 5.2 Interviews |
| 5.2.1 Issues addressed during interview |
| 6 CHAPTER Ⅵ CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS |
| 6.1 Introduction |
| 6.2 Conclusion |
| 6.3 Recommendations |
| 6.4 Further research opportunity |
| 7 REFERENCES |
| Author’s Resume |
| THESIS DATA FORM |
（10）系统功能语言学视角下话语生态性分析模式构建（论文提纲范文）
| Acknowledgements |
| 摘要 |
| Abstract |
| Abbreviations |
| 1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Background of the study |
| 1.1.1 Ecology and ecolinguistics |
| 1.1.2 Ecolinguistics and ecosophy |
| 1.1.3 Ecolinguistics and SFL |
| 1.1.4 Ecolinguistics and eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 1.1.5 Visions and Missions |
| 1.2 Purpose of the study and research questions |
| 1.3 Methodology and data collection |
| 1.4 Significance of the study |
| 1.5 Organization of the study |
| 2 Literature review |
| 2.1 Introduction |
| 2.2 CDA approach to eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 2.2.1 CDA approach |
| 2.2.2 CDA and eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 2.3 PDA approach to eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 2.3.1 PDA approach |
| 2.3.2 PDA and eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 2.4 MDA approach to eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 2.4.1 MDA approach |
| 2.4.2 MDA and eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 2.5 Summary |
| 3 Ecosophy |
| 3.1 Introduction |
| 3.2 An Eastern touch of ecosophies |
| 3.2.1 Confucianism |
| 3.2.2 Taoism |
| 3.2.3 Buddhism |
| 3.2.4 An ecological syncretism |
| 3.3 A Western touch of ecosophies |
| 3.3.1 Concept of place and sense of place |
| 3.3.2 Previous readings of sense of place |
| 3.3.3 Ecological sense of place |
| 3.4 Ecosophy of this research |
| 3.5 Summary |
| 4 Theoretical foundation |
| 4.1 Introduction |
| 4.2 SFL: A systemic grammar |
| 4.3 SFL: A functional grammar |
| 4.4 SFL: Stratification and realization |
| 4.5 SFL:Three metafunctions and their realizations in language |
| 4.5.1 Ideational metafunction |
| 4.5.2 Interpersonal metafunction |
| 4.5.3 Textual metafunction |
| 4.6 Overall construction of the framework for eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 4.7 Summary |
| 5 Framework for eco-oriented analysis of experiential meaning |
| 5.1 Introduction |
| 5.2 Extended processes |
| 5.2.1 Action process |
| 5.2.2 Mental process |
| 5.2.3 Relational process |
| 5.2.4 Behavioral process |
| 5.2.5 Communicative process |
| 5.2.6 Existential process |
| 5.2.7 Meteorological process |
| 5.3 Overall construction of framework for eco-oriented analysis ofexperiential meaning |
| 5.4 Summary |
| 6 Framework for eco-oriented analysis of interpersonal meaning |
| 6.1 Introduction |
| 6.2 Mood system |
| 6.3 Modality system |
| 6.3.1 Modalization |
| 6.3.2 Modulation |
| 6.4 Appraisal system |
| 6.4.1 Attitude system |
| 6.4.2 Engagement system |
| 6.4.3 Graduation system |
| 6.5 Overall construction of framework for eco-oriented analysis ofinterpersonal meaning |
| 6.6 Summary |
| 7 Framework for eco-oriented analysis of textual meaning |
| 7.1 Introduction |
| 7.2 Thematic structure from an ecolinguistic perspective |
| 7.2.1 Textual Theme |
| 7.2.2 Interpersonal Theme |
| 7.2.3 Topical Theme |
| 7.3 Information structure from an ecolinguistic perspective |
| 7.3.1 Information structure in Chinese |
| 7.3.2 Information structure and its ecological function |
| 7.4 Cohesion and coherence from an ecolinguistic perspective |
| 7.4.1 Cohesion and coherence in Chinese |
| 7.4.2 Cohesion and coherence and their ecological function |
| 7.5 Overall construction of framework for eco-oriented analysis of textualmeaning |
| 7.6 Summary |
| 8 Discussion:framework for eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 8.1 Introduction |
| 8.2 Complete framework for eco-oriented discourse analysis |
| 8.3 Framework for eco-oriented discourse analysis in practice |
| 8.4 Advantages of the proposed framework over other approaches |
| 8.5 Summary |
| 9 Conclusion |
| 9.1 Major findings and contributions |
| 9.2 Limitations |
| 9.3 Suggestions for further research |
| 参考文献 |
| 作者简历及在学研究成果 |
| 学位论文数据集 |
四、RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES(Ⅶ)—INCREMENTAL RATE TYPE（论文参考文献）
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- [7]I think的语法化研究[D]. 周嘉. 广西师范大学, 2020(06)
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